http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Electric bikes and electric scooters http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 est.) Irrigated land: 670 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June) Environment - current issues: deforestation (an estimated 2 million hectares of forest land were lost from 1958-85); water pollution; inadequate means for waste disposal present health risks for many urban residents Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection[[, [[Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban Geography - note: landlocked; lies between Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil See also : Paraguay http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86856.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 woodland: 92.9% other: 6% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: NA kmand#178; Natural hazards: active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Rim of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides; tsunamis Environment - current issues: rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; forest clearance, especially in coastal areas, for plantations; pollution from mining projects Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Geography - note: shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast See http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86855.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 forests and woodland: 44% other: 27% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 320 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: NA Environment - current issues: water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation and soil erosion threatens siltation of Panama Canal Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge connecting North and South America; controls Panama Canal that links North Atlantic Ocean via Caribbean Sea with North Pacific Ocean See also : Panama http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86854.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August) Environment - current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent See also: Pakistan http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86853.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 only to floods but to earthquakes. For example, the mining and industrial center of Tangshan, about 165 kilometers east of Beijing, was leveled by an earthquake in July 1976 that reportedly also killed 242,000 people and injured 164,000. The Qin Ling mountain range, a continuation of the Kunlun Mountains, divides the North China Plain from the Chang Jiang Delta and is the major physiographic boundary between the two great parts of China Proper. It is in a sense a cultural boundary as well, influencing the distribution of custom and language. South of the Qin Ling divide are the densely populated and highly developed areas of the lower and middle plains of the Chang Jiang and, on its upper reaches, the Sichuan Basin, an area encircled by a high barrier of mountain http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86852.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 permanent pastures: 44% forests and woodland: 12% other: 8% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 9,570 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: periodic droughts Environment - current issues: soil degradation; rapid deforestation; desertification; recent droughts in north severely affecting marginal agricultural activities Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements See also : Nigeria http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86851.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 7% forests and woodland: 2% other: 88% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 660 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: recurring droughts Environment - current issues: overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea Geography - note: landlocked See also : Niger http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86850.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 pastures: 46% forests and woodland: 27% other: 17% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 880 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and occasionally severe hurricanes Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; Hurricane Mitch damage Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea See also : Nicaragua http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86849.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 5.8% permanent crops: 6.44% other: 87.76% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 2,850 kmand#178; (1998 est.) Natural hazards: earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world See also : New Zealand, National parks (New Zealand), Islands of New http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86848.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 26% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 8,500 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons Environment - current issues: deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks See also : Nepal http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86847.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Irrigated land: 10,680 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts Environment - current issues: deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography - note: strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes See also : Myanmar http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86846.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 of the former communist regime promoting rapid urbanization and industrial growth have raised concerns about their negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws have severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, the converting of virgin land to agricultural production have increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities have also had a deleterious effect on the environment Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography - note: landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia See also : Mongolia http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86845.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 est.) Irrigated land: 20 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March) Environment - current issues: tropical rain forest subject to deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage Environment - international agreements: party to: Desertification, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation See also : Liberia http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86844.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 1% forests and woodland: 8% other: 61% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 860 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: dust storms, sandstorms Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: Litani river only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity See also : Lebanon http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86843.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 - 2,169 kmand#178;; dry season irrigation - 750 kmand#178; (1998 est.) Natural hazards: floods, droughts, and blight Environment - current issues: unexploded ordnance; deforestation; soil erosion; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography - note: landlocked See also : Laos http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86842.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 est.) Natural hazards: recurring drought in northern and eastern regions; flooding during rainy seasons Environment - current issues: water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography - note: the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers on Mt. Kenya; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value See also : Kenya, National parks (Kenya) http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86841.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 woodland: 1% other: 85% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 630 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: NA Environment - current issues: limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements See also : Jordan http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86840.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 woodland: 17% other: 39% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 350 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: hurricanes (especially July to November) Environment - current issues: heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography - note: strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for Panama Canal See also : Jamaica http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86839.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 kmand#178; (1998 est.) Natural hazards: occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires Environment - current issues: deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: archipelago of 17,000 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean See also : Indonesia http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86838.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 4% forests and woodland: 23% other: 16% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 480,000 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: droughts, flash floods, severe thunderstorms common; earthquakes Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography - note: dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86837.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 3% permanent pastures: 14% forests and woodland: 54% other: 14% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 740 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; damaging hurricanes and floods along Caribbean coast Environment - current issues: urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water) as well as several rivers and streams with heavy metals; severe Hurricane Mitch damage Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86836.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 other: 66.98% (1998 est.) Natural hazards: lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts Environment - current issues: extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water Environment - international agreements: Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation Signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban Geography - note: shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic) See also : Haiti http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86835.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 on Albania drains into the rivers and reaches the coast without even leaving the country. In the north, only one small stream escapes Albania. In the south, an even smaller rivulet drains into Greece. Because the topographical divide is east of the Albanian border with its neighbors, a considerable amount of water from other countries drains through Albania. An extensive portion of the basin of the Drini i Bardhand#235; River (White Drini), called Beli Drim by Serbs, basin is in the Kosovo area, across Albania's northeastern border. The three eastern lakes that Albania shares with its neighboring countries, as well as the streams that flow into them, drain into the Drini i Zi River (Black Drini). The watershed divide in the south also dips nearly seventyfive kilometers into Greece at one http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86834.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 est.) Natural hazards: damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding , droughts Environment - current issues: Limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supply of potted water; soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials);desertification; air and water pollution Environment - international agreements: party to: Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: landlocked, the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor) see also : Afghan Turkestan Mountain systems The dominant mountain system of Afghanistan is the Hindu Kush, http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86833.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 est.) Irrigated land: 17 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements See also : Guinea-Bissau http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86832.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m Natural resources: bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 22% forests and woodland: 59% other: 17% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 930 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season Environment - current issues: deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing, overpopulation in forest region Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements See also : Guinea http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86831.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 nautical miles Climate: tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north Terrain: mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m Natural resources: gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower Land use: arable land: 12% permanent crops: 7% permanent pastures: 22% forests and woodland: 35% other: 24% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 60 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts Environment - current issues: recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86830.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 permanent pastures: 18% forests and woodland: 77% other: 3% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 40 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: NA Environment - current issues: deforestation; poaching Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements See also : Gabon http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86829.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity, also destructive hurricanes are very common. Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes; Hurricane Mitch damage Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea Geography - note: smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea See also : El Salvador http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86828.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 for long stretches of this road! El Oriente: meaning "the east"; tropical forest, largely rainforest (Spanish: la selva), on the east slopes of the Andes Mountains and descending into the Amazon Basin, with strikingly different upland rainforest with steep, rugged ridges and cascading streams (can be seen around Puyo) and lowland rainforest. The oil fields are located in the Amazon basin, headquartered at Lago Agrio; the rainforest has been all but obliterated in this region and environmental degradation is severe, with catastrophic oil pollution in some areas. In addition, Ecuador still lays claim to a large area of lowland rainforest to the east of this region, although Peru invaded it years ago and has held it ever since. Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 m http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86827.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 2,300 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts Environment - current issues: water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation; Hurricane Georges damage Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea Geography - note: shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti (eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic, western one-third is Haiti) See also : Dominican Republic http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86826.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 east Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pic Marguerite on Mont Ngaliema (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m Natural resources: cobalt, copper, cadmium, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, coal, hydropower, timber Land use: arable land: 2.96% (1998 est), 3% (1993 est.) permanent crops: 0.52% (1998 est.), 0% (1993 est.) permanent pastures: 7% (1993 est.) forests and woodland: 77% (1993 est.) other: 96.52 (1998 est.), 13% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 110 sq km (1998 est.), 100 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); in the east, in the Great Rift Valley, there are active volcanoes Environment - current issues: poaching threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; deforestation; refugees responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86825.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 m highest point: Le Kartala 2,360 m Natural resources: NEGL Land use: arable land: 35% permanent crops: 10% permanent pastures: 7% forests and woodland: 18% other: 30% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: NA kmand#178; Natural hazards: cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano Environment - current issues: soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography - note: important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel See also : Comoros http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86824.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 1% permanent pastures: 39% forests and woodland: 48% other: 8% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 5,300 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping Geography - note: only South American country with coastlines on both North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea See also : Colombia http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86823.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 other: 25% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 680 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible Environment - current issues: deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been cleared by the timber industry); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements See also : Cand#244;te d'Ivoire http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86822.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 est.) Irrigated land: 1,200 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season; active volcanoes Environment - current issues: deforestation, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching; soil erosion; water pollution (rivers); fisheries protection; solid waste management Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation See also : Costa Rica, Cocos Island, National Parks of Costa Rica http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86821.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common Environment - current issues: tap water is not potable; poaching has diminished its reputation as one of the last great wildlife refuges; desertification; deforestation Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea Geography - note: landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa See also : Central African Republic http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86820.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 volcano on Fogo Island) Natural resources: salt, basalt rock, pozzuolana (a siliceous volcanic ash used to produce hydraulic cement), limestone, kaolin, fish Land use: arable land: 11% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 6% forests and woodland: 0% other: 83% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 30 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and seismically active Environment - current issues: overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; overfishing Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86819.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 4% forests and woodland: 78% other: 3% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 210 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: recent volcanic activity with release of poisonous gases Environment - current issues: water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban Geography - note: sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa See also : Cameroon http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86818.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 land:\n140 kmand#178; (1993 est.)\n Natural hazards:\nflooding, landslides\n Environment - current issues:\nsoil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations\n Environment - international agreements:\n party to:\nBiodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection\n signed, but not ratified:\nLaw of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban\n Geography - note:\nlandlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo River watershed See also : Burundi http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86817.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Natural resources: manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, antimony, copper, nickel, bauxite, lead, phosphates, zinc, silver Land use: arable land: 13% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 22% forests and woodland: 50% other: 15% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 200 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: recurring droughts Environment - current issues: recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban Geography - note: landlocked http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86816.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 southeast Elevation extremes: lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Musala 2,925 m Natural resources: bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land Land use: arable land: 43% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 14% forests and woodland: 38% other: 3% (1999 est.) Irrigated land: 12,370 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: earthquakes, landslides Environment - current issues: air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86815.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 22% forests and woodland: 58% other: 14% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 28,000 kmand#178; (1993 est.) Natural hazards: recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south Environment - current issues: deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers the existence of a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities note: President Cardoso in September 1999 signed into force an environmental crime bill which for the first time defines pollution and deforestation as crimes punishable by stiff fines and jail sentences Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86814.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 territorial sea: 12 nautical miles Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) Terrain: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m Natural resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium Land use: arable land: 2.41% permanent crops: 0.4% other: 97.19% (1999 est.) Irrigated land: 750 kmand#178; (1998 est.) Natural hazards: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau Environment - current issues: overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86813.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 unrest led to an almost complete breakdown in normal activity: civil servants remained unpaid for months at a time, and cabinet meetings had to be held in secret to prevent local warlords from interfering. The security forces were unable to reassert control, largely because many police and security personel are associated with one or another of the rival gangs. In July 2003 the Governor General of Solomon Islands issued an official request for international help, which was subsequently endorsed by a unanimous vote of the parliament. Technically, only the Governor General's request for troops was necessary. However, the government then passed legislation to provide the international force with greater powers and resolve some legal ambiguities. On July 6, 2003, in response to a proposal to send 300 police and 2,000 troops http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86812.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 southern bases seeps into the rock channels and pores feeding springs at the base of the mountain, which form streams and rivers. These merge to become the Jordan River. Additionally, the runoff facilitates fertile plant life below the snow line, where vineyards and pine, oak, and poplar trees are abundant. The springs, and the mountain itself, are much contested by the nations of the area for the use of the water. It is important who controls the mountain, as well as the springs below, to guard against deforestation and pollution. Mount Hermon is called the "gray-haired mountain," or the "mountain of snow," because of the covering of snow, which is present on it most of the year. Historical and Biblical Significance Mount Hermon was also called Senir by the Amorites and http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86811.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 supporting rationality and science. Parts of the Heidelberg Appeal in fact appear to endorse environmental concerns, such as a sentence that states, "We fully subscribe to the objectives of a scientific ecology for a universe whose resources must be taken stock of, monitored and preserved." Its 72 Nobel laureates include 49 who also signed the "World Scientists' Warning to Humanity," which was circulated that same year by the liberal Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) and attracted the majority of the world's living Nobel laureates in science along with some 1,700 other leading scientists. In contrast with the vagueness of the Heidelberg Appeal, the "World Scientists' Warning" is a very explicit environmental manifesto, stating that "human beings and the natural world are on a collision course" and citing ozone depletion, global climate http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86810.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 focuses on human health concerns, wellness, and the environmental health impact of disputed ecosystems that have fallen into poor ecological health. It is the only movement to be concerned about nature's services as rendered to humans from the natural capital. Historically, there has been association between conservation movement and right-wing politics, ecology and peace movement and green politics, and environmental movement and left-wing politics, but these lines are now quite blurred. Over half of the Earth's land surface has been transformed due to human activity, resulting in drastic deforestation, erosion and loss of topsoil, extinction and such. Almost no terrestrial ecoregion, of 867 on Earth, has been spared from the onslaught of human consumption. The arguments to conserve habitat are now found at every level from local religious figures to United http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86809.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 as an entirely agricultural economy, Kluang has developed various industries including paper, textiles, ceramics and electrical products. Most of Malaysia's major banks have branches in Kluang. In the last few years, several stock brokerages have opened shop in Kluang. Infrastructure Kluang is served by a district hospital, a district police station and fire station. It has numerous primary schools, several secondary schools and a public library. History The name Kluang derives from the Malay word 'keluang' which means a type of flying fox or rather a type of fruit bat. These used to be plentiful in the district decades ago. They have almost completely disappeared due to the combination of hunting and destruction of their natural habitat (deforestation). Kluang was founded in 1915 as the administrative capital for central Johor[1]. The http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86808.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Deforestation Deforestation is the removal of trees, often as a result of human activities. Deforestation has been practiced by humans for thousands of years chiefly as a result of clearing land for commercial and industrial development, intensive collection of firewood, clearing of land for growing crops and to develop pasture for grazing animals. The rate of clearance increased during the second half of the nineteenth century due to agricultural expansion in Europe and there has been massive increases since then. Currently major worries concern the loss of tropical rainforest, one fifth of which was destroyed between 1960 and 1990. 12 million hectares of tropical forest are lost each year, a land approximately the size of England. Deforestation is often cited as one of the major causes http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86807.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land for use such as arable land, pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland. Generally, the removal or destruction of significant areas of forest cover has resulted in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity. In many countries, massive deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography. Deforestation results from removal of trees without sufficient reforestation, and results in declines in habitat and biodiversity, wood for fuel and industrial use, and quality of life. From about the mid-1800s, the planet has experienced an unprecedented rate of change of destruction of forests worldwide. About half of the mature tropical forests, between 750 to 800 million hectares of the original 1.5 to 1.6 billion hectares that once covered the planet have fallen. Many tropical countries, including Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Bangladesh, China, Sri Lanka, Laos, Nigeria, Liberia, Guinea, Ghana and the Cote d'lvoire have lost large areas of their rainforest. 90% of the forests of the Philippine archipelago have been cut. Generally, the removal or destruction of significant areas of forest cover has resulted in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity. In many countries, massive deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography. Deforestation is a substantial contributor to global warming, Deforestation reduces the content of water in the soil and groundwater as well as atmospheric moisture. Deforestation reduces soil cohesion, so that erosion, flooding and landslides often ensue. Forests support considerable biodiversity, providing valuable habitat for wildlife; moreover, forests foster medicinal conservation and the recharge of aquifers. With forest biotopes being a major, irreplaceable source of new drugs (like taxol), deforestation can destroy genetic variations (such as crop resistance) irretrievably. Shrinking forest cover lessens the landscape's capacity to intercept, retain and transport precipitation. Instead of trapping precipitation, which then percolates to groundwater systems, deforested areas become sources of surface water runoff, which moves much faster than subsurface flows. That quicker transport of surface water can translate into flash flooding and more localized floods than would occur with the forest cover. Deforestation also contributes to decreased evapotranspiration, which lessens atmospheric moisture which in some cases affects precipitation levels down wind from the deforested area, as water is not recycled to downwind forests, but is lost in runoff and returns directly to the oceans. According to one preliminary study, in deforested north and northwest China, the average annual precipitation decreased by one third between the 1950s and the 1980s. Longterm gains can be obtained by managing forest lands sustainable to maintain both forest cover and provide a biodegradable renewable resource. Forests are also important stores of organic carbon, and forests can extract carbon dioxide and pollutants from the air, thus contributing to biosphere stability. Deforestation (mainly in tropical areas) account for up to one-third of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Forests are also valued for their aesthetic beauty and as a cultural resource and tourist attraction. Historically utilization of forest products, including timber and fuel wood, have played a key role in human societies, comparable to the roles of water and cultivable land. Today, developed countries continue to utilize timber for building houses, and wood pulp for paper. In developing countries almost three billion people rely on wood for heating and cooking. A new study found that the emerging market for carbon credits: "Deforestation in tropical countries is often driven by the perverse economic reality that forests are worth more dead than alive. But a new study by an international consortium of researchers has found that the emerging market for carbon credits has the potential to radically alter that equation." Throughout most of history, humans have considered forest clearing as necessary for most activities besides forestry. In most countries, only after serious shortages of wood and other forest products are policies implemented to ensure forest resources are used in a sustainable manner. Typically in developed countries, as urbanization and economic development increases, land previously used for farming is abandoned and reverted to forests. In developing countries, human-caused deforestation and the degradation of forest habitat is primarily due to expansion of agriculture, slash and burn practices, urban sprawl, illegal logging, over harvest of fuel wood, mining, and petroleum exploration. It has been argued that deforestation trends follow the Kuznets curve however even if true this is problematic in so-called hot-spots because of the risk of irreversible loss of non-economic forest values for example valuable habitat or species loss. The effects of human related deforestation can be mitigated through environmentally sustainable practices that reduce permanent destruction of forests or even act to preserve and rehabilitate disrupted forestland (see Reforestation and Treeplanting). These methods help the cause and provide a sustainable growth of forests and allow lumber to become a renewable resource Deforestation defined broadly can include not only conversion to non-forest, but also degradation that reduces forest quality - the density and structure of the trees, the ecological services supplied, the biomass of plants and animals, the species diversity and the genetic diversity. A narrow definition of deforestation is: the removal of forest cover to an extent that allows for alternative land use. The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) uses a broad definition of deforestation, while the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) uses a narrow definition. Definitions can also be grouped as those which refer to changes in land cover and those which refer to changes in land use. Land cover measurements often use a percent of cover to determine deforestation. This type of definition has the advantage in that large areas can be easily measured, for example from satellite photos. A forest cover removal of 90% may still be considered forest in some cases. Under this definition areas that may have few values of a natural forest such as plantations and even urban or suburban areas may be considered forest. Land use definitions measure deforestation by a change in land use. This definition may consider areas to be forest that are not commonly considered as such. An area can be lacking trees but still considered a forest. It may be a land designated for afforestation or an area designated administratively as forest. It has been argued that the lack of specificity in use of the term deforestation distorts forestry issues. More specific terms terms include forest decline, forest fragmentation and forest degradation, loss of forest cover and land use conversion. The term also has a traditional legal sense of the conversion of Royal forest land into purlieu or other non-forest land use. The causes of deforestation are complex and often differ in each forest and country. It may be difficult to determine the cause of deforestation in a particular forest. For example, a rise in the price of soybeans may result in soybean farmers displacing cattle ranchers in order to expand their farms. This might cause cattle ranchers to shift to land previously used by slash and burn farmers. The farmers in turn shift further into the forest that has been made accessible by roads built by loggers. In this case it may not be clear who "caused" deforestation. In this case it could be claimed that while the loggers caused forest degradation and that the slash and burn farmers were agents of deforestation, the cause was demand for farm land. The underlaying causes may be poverty or the trade in international commodities. Deforestation has been practiced by humans since the beginnings of civilization. Fire was the first tool that allowed humans to modify the landscape. The first evidence of deforestation appears in the Mesolithic. It was probably used to drive game into more accessible areas. With the advent of agriculture, fire became the prime tool to clear land for crops. In Europe there is little solid evidence before 7000 BC. Mesolithic foragers used fire to create openings for red deer and wild boar. In Great Britain shade tolerant species such as oak and ash are replaced in the pollen record by hazels, brambles, grasses and nettles. Removal of the forests led to decreased transpiration resulting in the formation of upland peat bogs. Widespread decrease in elm pollen across Europe between 8400-8300 BC and 7200-7000 BC, starting in southern Europe and gradually moving north to Great Britain, may represent land clearing by fire at the onset of Neolithic agriculture. The Neolithic period saw much more extensive deforestation for farming land. Stone axes were now being made not just from flint, but from a wide variety of hard rocks from across Britain and North America as well. They include the noted Langdale axe industry in the English Lake District, quarries developed at Penmaenmawr in North Wales and numerous other locations. Rough-outs were made locally near the quarries, and some were polished locally to give a fine finish. This step not only increased the mechanical strength of the axe, but also made penetration of wood easier. Flint was still used from sources such as Grimes Graves but from many other mines across Europe. Evidence of deforestation has been found in Minoan Crete; for example the environs of the Palace of Knossos were severely deforested in the Bronze Age. In ancient Greece, Tjeered van Andel and co-writers summarized three regional studies of historic erosion and alluviation and found that, wherever adequate evidence exists, a major phase of erosion follows, by about 500-1000 years the introduction of farming in the various regions of Greece, ranging from the later Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. The thousand years following the mid-first millennium BCE saw serious, intermittent pulses of soil erosion in numerous places. The historic silting of ports along the southern coasts of Asia Minor (e.g. Clarus, and the examples of Ephesus, Priene and Miletus, where harbors had to be abandoned because of the silt deposited by the Meander) and in coastal Syria during the last centuries BC. The famous silting up of the harbor for Bruges, which moved port commerce to Antwerp, also follow a period of increased settlement growth (and apparently of deforestation) in the upper river basins. In early medieval Riez in upper Provence, alluvial silt from two small rivers raised the riverbeds and widened the floodplain, which slowly buried the Roman settlement in alluvium and gradually moved new construction to higher ground; concurrently the headwater valleys above Riez were being opened to pasturage. A typical progress trap is that cities were often built in a forested area providing wood for some industry (e.g. construction, shipbuilding, pottery). When deforestation occurs without proper replanting, local wood supplies become difficult to obtain near enough to remain competitive, leading to the city's abandonment, as happened repeatedly in Ancient Asia Minor. The combination of mining and metallurgy often went along this self-destructive path. Meanwhile most of the population remaining active in (or indirectly dependent on) the agricultural sector, the main pressure in most areas remained land clearing for crop and cattle farming; fortunately enough wild green was usually left standing (and partially used, e.g. to collect firewood, timber and fruits, or to graze pigs) for wildlife to remain viable, and the hunting privileges of the elite (nobility and higher clergy) often protected significant woodlands. Major parts in the spread (and thus more durable growth) of the population were played by monastical 'pioneering' (especially by the benedictine and cistercian orders) and some feudal lords actively attracting farmers to settle (and become tax payers) by offering relatively good legal and fiscal conditions – even when they did so to launch or encourage cities, there always was an agricultural belt around and even quite some within the walls. When on the other hand demography took a real blow by such causes as the Black Death or devastating warfare (e.g. Genghis Khan's Mongol hordes in eastern and central Europe, Thirty Years' War in Germany) this could lead to settlements being abandoned, leaving land to be reclaimed by nature, even though the secondary forests usually lacked the original biodiversity. From 1100 to 1500 AD significant deforestation took place in Western Europe as a result of the expanding human population. The large-scale building of wooden sailing ships by European (coastal) naval owners since the 15th century for exploration, colonization, slave – and other trade on the high seas and (often related) naval warfare (the failed invasion of England by the Spanish Armada in 1559 and the battle of Lepanto 1577 are early cases of huge waste of prime timber; each of Nelson's Royal navy war ships at Trafalgar had required 6000 mature oaks) and piracy meant that whole woody regions were over-harvested, as in Spain, where this contributed to the paradoxical weakening of the domestic economy since Columbus' discovery of America made the colonial activities (plundering, mining, cattle, plantations, trade ...) predominant. In Changes in the Land (1983), William Cronon collected 17th century New England Englishmen's reports of increased seasonal flooding during the time that the forests were initially cleared, and it was widely believed that it was linked with widespread forest clearing upstream. The massive use of charcoal on an industrial scale in Early Modern Europe was a new acceleration of the onslaught on western forests; even in Stuart England, the relatively primitive production of charcoal has already reached an impressive level. For ship timbers, Stuart England was so widely deforested that it depended on the Baltic trade and looked to the untapped forests of New England to supply the need. In France, Colbert planted oak forests to supply the French navy in the future; as it turned out, as the oak plantations matured in the mid-nineteenth century, the masts were no longer required. Norman F. Cantor's summary of the effects of late medieval deforestation applies equally well to Early Modern Europe: Specific parallels are seen in twentieth century deforestation occurring in many developing nations. Slash-and-burn is a method sometimes used by shifting cultivators to create short term yields from marginal soils. When practiced repeatedly, or without intervening fallow periods, the nutrient poor soils may be exhausted or eroded to an unproductive state. Slash-and-burn techniques are used by native populations of over 200 million people worldwide. While short-sighted, market-driven forestry practices are often one of the leading causes of forest degradation. The principal human-related causes of deforestation are agriculture and livestock grazing, urban sprawl, and mining and petroleum extraction. Growing worldwide demand for wood to be used for fire wood or in construction, paper and furniture - as well as clearing land for commercial and industrial development (including road construction) have combined with growing local populations and their demands for agricultural expansion and wood fuel to endanger ever larger forest areas. Agricultural development schemes in Mexico, Brazil and Indonesia moved large populations into the rainforest zone, further increasing deforestation rates. One fifth of the world's tropical rainforest was destroyed between 1960 and 1990. Estimates of deforestation of tropical forest for the 1990s range from about 55,630 to 120,000 square kilometres each year. At this rate, all tropical forests may be gone by the year 2090. The main cause of deforestation in Ethiopia, located in East Africa, is a growing population and subsequent higher demand for agriculture, livestock production and fuel wood. Ethiopia has lost 98% of its forested regions in the last 50 years. Between 1990 and 2005, the country lost 14% of its forests or 21,000 km². Massive deforestation with resulting desertification, water resource degradation and soil loss has affected approximately 94% of Madagascar's previously biologically productive lands. Most of this loss has occurred since independence from the French, and is the result of local people using slash-and-burn agricultural practises as they try to subsist. According to the FAO, Nigeria has the world's highest deforestation rate of primary forests. It has lost more than half of its primary forest in the last five years. Causes cited are logging, subsistence agriculture, and the collection of fuel wood. In Brazil the rate of deforestation is largely driven by commodity prices and world population growth. Recent development of a new variety of soybean has led to the displacement of beef ranches and farms of other crops, which, in turn, move farther into the forest. Certain areas such as the Atlantic Rainforest have been diminished to less than 10% of their original size and the Amazon Rainforest is awaiting the same fate at 600 fires daily. Although much conservation work has been done, few national parks or reserves are efficiently enforced. In 2008, Brazil's Government has announced a record rate of deforestation in the Amazon. There are significantly large areas of forest in Indonesia that are being lost as native forest is cleared by large multi-national pulp companies and being replaced by plantations. In Sumatra millions of hectares of forest have been cleared often under the command of the central government in Jakarta who comply with multi national companies to remove the forest because of the need to pay off international debt obligations and to develop economically. In Kalimantan the consequences of deforestation have been profound and between 1991 and 1999 large areas of the forest were burned because of uncontrollable fire causing atmospheric pollution across South-East Asia. A major source of deforestation is the logging industry, driven spectacularly by China and Japan. Prior to the arrival of European-Americans about one half of the United States land area was forest, about 4 million square kilometers (1 billion acres) in 1600. For the next 300 years land was cleared, mostly for agriculture at a rate that matched the rate of population growth. For every person added to the population, one to two hectares of land was cultivated. According to a report by Stuart L. Pimm the extent of forest cover in the Eastern United States reached its lowest point in roughly 1872 with about 48 percent compared to the amount of forest cover in 1620. Of the 28 forest bird species with habitat exclusively in that forest, Pimm claims 4 become extinct either wholly or mostly because of habitat loss, the passenger pigeon, Carolina parakeet, ivory-billed woodpecker, and Bachman's Warbler. Victoria and NSW's remnant red gum forests including the Murray River's Barmah-Millewa, are increasingly being clear-felled using mechanical harvesters, destroying already rare habitat. Macnally estimates that approximately 82% of fallen timber has been removed from the southern Murray Darling basin, Deforestation is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change deforestation, mainly in tropical areas, account for up to one-third of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Trees and other plants remove carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis. Both the decay and burning of wood releases much of this stored carbon back to the atmosphere. Deforestation also causes carbon stores held in soil to be released. Forests are stores of carbon and can be either sinks or sources depending upon environmental circumstances. Mature forests can be net sinks of carbon dioxide (see Carbon dioxide sink and Carbon cycle). The water cycle is also affected by deforestation. Trees extract groundwater through their roots and release it into the atmosphere. When part of a forest is removed, the region cannot hold as much water and can result in a much drier climate. Some forests are rich in biological diversity. Deforestation can cause the destruction of the habitats that support this biological diversity, thus contributing to the ongoing Holocene extinction event. Numerous countries have developed Biodiversity Action Plans to limit clear cutting and slash and burn agricultural practices as deleterious to wildlife and vegetation, particularly when endangered species are present. Trees, and plants in general, affect the water cycle significantly: As a result, the presence or absence of trees can change the quantity of water on the surface, in the soil or groundwater, or in the atmosphere. This in turn changes erosion rates and the availability of water for either ecosystem functions or human services. The forest may have little impact on flooding in the case of large rainfall events, which overwhelm the storage capacity of forest soil if the soils are at or close to saturation. Undisturbed forest has very low rates of soil loss, approximately 0.02 metric tons or 40 lbs per hectare. Deforestation generally increases rates of soil erosion, by increasing the amount of runoff and reducing the protection of the soil from tree litter. This can be an advantage in excessively leached tropical rain forest soils. Forestry operations themselves also increase erosion through the development of roads and the use of mechanized equipment. China's Loess Plateau was cleared of forest millennia ago. Since then it has been eroding, creating dramatic incised valleys, and providing the sediment that gives the Yellow River its yellow color and that causes the flooding of the river in the lower reaches (hence the river's nickname 'China's sorrow'). Removal of trees does not always increase erosion rates. In certain regions of southwest US, shrubs and trees have been encroaching on grassland. The trees themselves enhance the loss of grass between tree canopies. The bare intercanopy areas become highly erodible. The US Forest Service, in Bandelier National Monument for example, is studying how to restore the former ecosystem, and reduce erosion, by removing the trees. Tree roots bind soil together, and if the soil is sufficiently shallow they act to keep the soil in place by also binding with underlying bedrock. Tree removal on steep slopes with shallow soil thus increases the risk of landslides, which can threaten people living nearby. However most deforestation only affects the trunks of trees, allowing for the roots to stay rooted, negating the landslide. New methods are being developed to farm more intensively, such as high-yield hybrid crops, greenhouse, autonomous building gardens, and hydroponics. These methods are often dependent on massive chemical inputs to maintain necessary yields. In cyclic agriculture, cattle are grazed on farm land that is resting and rejuvenating. Cyclic agriculture actually increases the fertility of the soil. Intensive farming can also decrease soil nutrients by consuming at an accelerated rate the trace minerals needed for crop growth. Efforts to stop or slow deforestation have been attempted for many centuries because it has long been known that deforestation can cause environmental damage sufficient in some cases to cause societies to collapse. In Tonga, paramount rulers developed policies designed to prevent conflicts between short-term gains from converting forest to farmland and long-term problems forest loss would cause, the shoguns developed a highly sophisticated system of long-term planning to stop and even reverse deforestation of the preceding centuries through substituting timber by other products and more efficient use of land that had been farmed for many centuries. In sixteenth century Germany landowners also developed silviculture to deal with the problem of deforestation. However, these policies tend to be limited to environments with good rainfall, no dry season and very young soils (through volcanism or glaciation). This is because on older and less fertile soils trees grow too slowly for silviculture to be economic, whilst in areas with a strong dry season there is always a risk of forest fires destroying a tree crop before it matures. In the People's Republic of China, where large scale destruction of forests has occurred, the government has in the past required that every able-bodied citizen between the ages of 11 and 60 plant three to five trees per year or do the equivalent amount of work in other forest services. The government claims that at least 1 billion trees have been planted in China every year since 1982. This is no longer required today, but March 12 of every year in China is the Planting Holiday. In western countries, increasing consumer demand for wood products that have been produced and harvested in a sustainable manner are causing forest landowners and forest industries to become increasingly accountable for their forest management and timber harvesting practices. The Arbor Day Foundation's Rain Forest Rescue program is a charity that helps to prevent deforestation. The charity uses donated money to buy up and preserve rainforest land before the lumber companies can buy it. The Arbor Day Foundation then protects the land from deforestation. This also locks in the way of life of the primitive tribes living on the forest land. Organizations such as Community Forestry International, The Nature Conservancy, World Wide Fund for Nature, Conservation International, African Conservation Foundation and Greenpeace also focus on preserving forest habitats. To meet the worlds demand for wood it has been suggested by forestry writers Botkins and Sedjo that high-yielding forest plantations are suitable. It has been calculated that plantations yielding 10 cubic meters per hectare annually could supply all the timber required for international trade on 5 percent of the world's existing forestland. By contrast natural forests produce about 1-2 cubic meters per hectare, therefore 5 to 10 times more forest land would be required to meet demand. Forester Chad Oliver has suggested a forest mosaic with high-yield forest lands interpersed with conservation land. The Jewish National Fund states that the only country to come out of the Twentieth Century with more trees than it had at the start of the period was Israel. While the preponderance of deforestat is due to demands for agricultural and urban use for the human population, there are some examples of military causes. One example of deliberate deforestation is that which took place in the U.S. zone of occupation in Germany after World War II. Before the onset of the Cold War defeated Germany was still considered a potential future threat rather than potential future ally. To address this threat, attempts were made to lower German industrial potential, of which forests were deemed an element. Sources in the U.S. government admitted that the purpose of this was the "ultimate destruction of the war potential of German forests." As a consequence of the practice of clear-felling, deforestation resulted which could "be replaced only by long forestry development over perhaps a century." War can also be a cause of deforestation, either deliberately such as through the use of Agent Orange http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86806.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 ERIE — The story of the Great Lakes — rife with dramas brought on by past decades of human-driven degradation — is ultimately about redemption. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86805.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Millas Jazz Blog. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86804.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Poesía Cuentos y Relatos en Vorem.com. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86803.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Cooperative democracy layers an Internet ecosystem atop existing governance and political practices. Some groups, like the Sunlight Foundation, try to “create an API for government”, but their focus is mostly on pulling information out ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86802.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 WETLAND AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM STUDIESNorthern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Jamestown, North DakotaNorthern Prairie Wildlife Research Center (NPWRC) has a long history of conducting high-quality, comprehensive wetlands research in ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86801.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Web Design, mostly -- syndicating the best design blogs the world has to offer. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86800.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 After spending far too many hours last week looking at Wordpress themes and plugins, it got me thinking that what makes Wordpress such a great blogging platform is the ecosystem that has exploded around it. ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86799.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Also,when we think about Startups, the first comparison that always comes to our mind is The Silicon Valley, but many times, we tend to forget that Indian Entrepreneurial Ecosystem is different from that in the US. ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86798.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Interesting post here from Jon Ingham on organisations’ use of web 2.0 technologies. It seems to me that the organisational focus on the efficiency gains above the transformative potential of web 2.0 points to the cultural barriers to ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86797.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Friday, June 6 8:30 AM - 9:45 AM, S230 A, TLA320 The Microsoft Visual Studio Team System Database Project Ecosystem: Integrating ALM and Database Tools via Extensibility (level 300). Friday, June 6 10:15 AM - 11:30 AM ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86796.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 This is a new frontier that has yet to be explored with a fragile, marine ecosystem. There’s no significant independent work that has been done on the impact of mining. I would challenge the company to provide an independent scientific ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86795.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 MANGROVES ZCZC PRI ESPL INT . GENEVA FES122 MANGROVES Replant Myanmar mangroves to bolster ecosystem: IUCN Geneva, May 23 (AFP) Mangroves and other natural barr. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86794.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Cep telefonları hakkında en son gelişme ve haberler. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86793.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 BCD4 also featured a quiz at the end of the day, and BugTales, in which speakers shared their most enjoyable bug fix, coding or design problems they addressed or any hack. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86792.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Meldungen von Human Rights Watch auf Deutsch. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86791.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Microsoft Malaysia and MIMOS today signed a Memorandum of Understanding to develop and establish a Microsoft Innovation Centre (MIC) at... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86790.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 ... was awarded a further three year contract within the EU Framework Programme 7. As of May 1, 2008, the FP7 DEISA2 project is engaged into the enhancement of the European HPC infrastructure towards an integrated HPC ecosystem. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86789.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Coastal wetlands are critical habitat for many species and perform important ecosystem services. These services include providing an avenue for human recreation, improving water quality by filtering of sediments and nutrients, ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86788.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 So, EBM is taking a step back and not just putting another band-aid on a coastal issue... but rather taking in the larger regional issues and ecosystem characteristics... and then building practics and policies that help the ecosystem ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86787.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 The nation's leading park advocacy group, the National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA), says wildfires in Everglades National Park, brought on by one of the worst droughts in Florida's history, are exacerbated from the delay of ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86786.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Wired: Greenhouse gas pollution has acidified the coastal waters of western North America more rapidly than scientists expected, says a study published today in Science. In a survey of waters stretching from central Canada to northern ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86785.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 As officials assessed the aftermath of the largest fire in 19 years in Everglades National Park, they saw good and bad signs. The fire -- which was 70 percent under… http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86784.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 It’s time to add your widget to Ecosystem, since this is where you will be able to add and test it with further platforms: direct downloads for Windows Vista, Apple Dashboard and Opera; direct links for Netvibes, Windows Live.com and ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86783.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 National Parks Group Says Delay of Restoration Projects Exacerbates Drought and Wildfires. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86782.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 ... year contract within the EU Framework Programme 7. As of May 1, 2008, the FP7 DEISA2 project is engaged into the enhancement of the European HPC infrastructure towards an integrated HPC ecosystem. Category: Press Date: 22 May 2008. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86781.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 But the economic equation is changing fast, scientists and fishery regulators say, because of soaring ... global fish stocks and better ship-based processing technology. Within five years, the annual krill catch ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86780.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 An ecosystem project was Charleroi Area High School/Middle School teacher Howard Johnson's dream, and it has become a favorite among students. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86779.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 foto video. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86778.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 In past Windows releases, Microsoft came out of the gate hot and heavy during early development stages to talk about features, new capabilities for developers to harness, and how the ecosystem can benefit from new hardware support. ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86777.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 This issue of 'The State of Food and Agriculture' examines the role of agriculture in the provision of ecosystem services using the payment ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86776.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Blog about CCIE Study and Cisco Certifications. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86775.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Chū-jiân seng-thài hē-thóng. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86774.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Despite political commitment, Europe is struggling to halt the loss of biodiversity by 2010. Forests, as the hosts of much of the biological diversity in Europe, are vital to this debate. Any initiative designed to halt the biodiversity ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86773.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 The bestselling new and future releases in Movies and TV. Updated hourly. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86772.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 In a year and a half, we built seven distinct communities each supported by an ecosystem of vendors and partners. For four years we tried to make these communities work, and we did, with various levels of success. ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86771.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Candy EcoSystem Fridge-Freezer 145 litre Fridge, 58 litre Freezer In good working order, with instruction book. £40.00 PM me for more info, photos etc. Cheers! :) http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86770.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 You can contribute somewhere in the community ecosystem. Maybe it’s by sharing your photos. Maybe it’s by offering small business tips for new budding freelancers. Maybe it’s offering presentation advice. Wherever you can, offer up (for ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86769.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Dénonciation d'injustice.. Politique, informations etc.. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86768.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 A verdade é ácida eo Kibe é crú! Por Antonio Tabet. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86767.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Notícias do site de Economia da BBC Brasil. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86766.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Notícias de Economia do Sapo - Portugal Online. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86765.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Famosos, noticias, rumores y cotilleo. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86764.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Noticias TribunaLatina.com. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86763.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Comunicación para el cambio social. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86762.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Bioengineers have used genetically altered bacteria to provide new insights into how the complex relationship of predator and prey. more hereTechnorati Tags: synthetic biology, bacteria, ecosystem, ecology, environment, http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86761.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Finally, an ecosystem of knowledge can develop that consists of the aggregated sets of links and content the participants in a blogalogue create. And this “body of knowledge” and understanding remains online, available to anyone who ... http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86760.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Peter Thomas, Satyam Computer Services wins the Top Committer Award and the Top Ambassador Award goes to Nandan Nilekani of Infosys Technologies. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86759.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Roland Garros 2008 - French Open. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86758.html http://www.myebike.biz/blog/ Thu, 29 May 08 21:45:08 -0500 Blog da Homepage do SAPO: Portugal online. http://www.myebike.biz/blog/readid/86757.html